Wednesday, July 13, 2016

The Butterfly Effeect


A633.2.3.RB – Butterfly Effect

Complexity science (theory) is different than chaos theory.  Many personnel who study this area tend to use the terms complexity and chaos interchangeably however, there are two distinctly different concepts (Obolensky, 2014).  Where chaos theory shows how a simple system exhibits complex behavior, complexity deals with complex systems which tend to display certain emergent behaviors.  Nobel Prize winner Murray Gell-Mann a particle physicist defines a complex system as “neither ordered or random, but combine both kinds of behavior in a very elusive but striking manner”.

The butterfly effect in the world of chaos and complexity is quite interesting.  Identified by Edward Lorenz in the 1960’s it is a simple theory in definition however, it has massive impacts.  While performing a weather simulation on a machine he had developed he noticed that as small deviations in the parameters of the simulation would change it created massive differences later.  He came to the conclusion that “a very small change within a complex system can produce very large difference to what would have otherwise happened.”  In other words his discovery led scientist to observe that when a situation has great sensitivity to an initial condition any small changes to that can in turn have disproportionate effects.  When I think of the butterfly effect I think of the scene from the movie Jurassic Park (1993) where Jeff Goldblum’s character is explaining the theory to another character.  He explains it by saying that chaos theory and the butterfly effect is when a butterfly flaps its wings in Peking and then you get rain in Central Park.  Are these two things related?  Who knows, but this theory is a pretty good representation of how small changes can have massive effects.

Within my current organization I have experience things which could be summarized by this effect.  The Unites States Air Force is a very complex organization with many moving parts and pieces.  Within this organization there have been several things which have changed both big and small over the course of 17 years.  One such change which in essences seemed small but ended up having massive ramifications was when the USAF decided to make it mandatory for personnel who fail a physical fitness test to receive a referral performance report.  While this is not a massive concept to visualize, if you fail to meet a standard it should reflect on your performance report.  The long run effects of this simple concept were massive.  While failing your fitness test is obviously undesirable it should not be the end of your career.  However, once a person receives a referral performance report several other things happen.  Depending on how long this person has been in they may be denied reenlistment, will not be able to change stations, are not eligible for promotion, if they have been selected for promotion they will lose their selection, and could face other disciplinary and administrative actions.  Simply adding this one requirement for mandatory referral reports cost many personnel within the USAF many different actions and many of them were discharged due to this.  After a few years the USAF went back and changed this from a mandatory requirement and made it the commander’s discretion.   

Another small change within my organization which yielded large results was the move to all paperless system.  While constantly printing out regulations and publications is expensive there are several benefits to this process.  By moving everything to digital it has created problems with the availability of these products.  As any person who has ever done anything with a computer or electronics knows they are not always reliable.  However, when it comes time to go do a job and you need the required publications and regulations and they are not available due to the system being down or the internet not working properly it really hampers things.  In the USAF if an aircraft maintainer goes out to perform a task without the required guidance there are several issues that can arise.  For one if the maintainer does not perform the task correctly there could be catastrophic consequences.  The person could perform the task incorrectly thus leading to injuries or aircraft damage.  This could lead to delays in take offs and in complete mission failure.  If this happens during a high priority mission or a rescue mission this could have second and third line affects which would be greatly detrimental.  While I understand the cost consciences approach to doing business I feel there are better ways the USAF can try to save than by cutting out paper regulations and other important guidance. 

Change is an inevitable part of life.  Whether it is at work or at home there will be things that change.  Whether the change is big or small it will affect how you operate in your current situation.  The butterfly effect is a theory developed by Edward Lorenz in the 1960’s (Obolensky, 2014).  His idea was based on a meteorological simulator he had developed.  During his experiment he noticed that as the parameters of the simulation changed minutely there was vast differences in the outcomes.  The idea that a small change in any application that can warrant large outcomes became known as the butterfly effect.  This name was based on a paper Lorenz wrote titled “Predictability – Does the Flap of a Butterfly’s Wings in Brazil Set Off a Tornado in Texas?”  As a current United States Air Force personnel I have experienced several changes during my 17 year career.  Some have been large changes and some have been small changes.  I believe I have seen first-hand the concept of butterfly effect with the examples listed.  What seems to be small changes such as one line in a regulation and paperless regulations yielded large and undesired outcomes down the road.  The essence of Lorenz’s butterfly effect.

 

Obolensky, N. (2014). Complex Adaptive Leadership Embracing Paradox and Uncertainty. New

York, NY. Taylor & Francis Group.

Kennedy, K. & Molen, G. (producers) & Spielberg, S. (Director). (1993). Jurassic Park (Motion

Picture). United States. Universal Pictures.  

 

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